System and method of illumination of structures within an eye

ABSTRACT

There is provided a system, apparatus and methods for enhancing the illumination of structures of the eye using predetermined scan patterns of an illuminating light beam. The systems, apparatus and methods further provide for obtaining enhanced single images of multiple structures of the eye.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/335,187, filed Jul. 18, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/273,653, filed on Oct. 14, 2011, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 8,801,186 which claims the benefit of priority under 35U.S.C. § 119(e)(1) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/455,178,filed Oct. 15, 2010, the entire contents of each of which applicants areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present inventions relate to methods and systems for illuminating,obtaining images of, and determining the shape and position ofstructures within an eye, and in particular, the cornea, natural humancrystalline lens and adjacent structures of the eye. More particularly,the present inventions relate to variably controlled scanning of laserlight illumination of such structures, controlled and predetermineddigital capture of the images of the illuminated structures with anaccurately calibrated digital camera and the creation of enhanceddigital composite images of the illuminated structures.

Description of the Related Art

Presbyopia most often presents as a near vision deficiency, theinability to read small print, especially in dim lighting after about40-45 years of age. Presbyopia, or the loss of accommodative amplitudewith age, relates to the eye's inability to change the shape of thenatural crystalline lens, which allows a person to change focus betweenfar and near, and occurs in essentially 100% of the population.Accommodative amplitude has been shown to decline with age steadilythrough the fifth decade of life.

Cataracts, or the condition when the natural crystalline lens becomesopaque and clouds vision, occurs in millions of people per year and aretreated effectively with surgical techniques, such as ultrasonicphacoemulsification pioneered by Kelman 30 years ago. Although thetechniques have been refined over the years, safety concerns from oculartrauma, especially to the corneal endothelium from the ultrasonic energyrequired to break up a hardened cataract, is undesirable; especially forthose with a compromised corneal endothelium, such as those with FuchsDystrophy. Moreover, the use of lasers in the treatment of cataracts hasa further issue. Cataracts scatter light, including laser light, andthus, can prevent a laser treatment beam from having the desired tissueeffect. Moreover, the light scattering effect of cataracts and otheropacifications can make optically determining the position and shape ofthe lens difficult.

The established treatment for cataracts is the removal of the opacifiedhuman crystalline lens and its replacement with an intraocular lens(“IOL”). In general, IOLs include a small plastic lens with plastic sidestruts, called haptics, to hold the lens in place within the capsularbag inside the eye. Exemplary types of IOLs include monofocal lenses,multifocal IOLs which provide the patient with multiple-focused visionat far and reading distance, and accommodative IOLs which provide thepatient with visual accommodation. The flexible nature of many IOLsenables them to be rolled and/or folded up for insertion into the lenscapsule.

The removal of the opacified natural crystalline lens and replacementwith a lens replacement material, such as an IOL, presently employs acapsulorhexis and/or a capsulotomy procedure. A capsulorhexis generallyincludes of the removal of a part of the anterior lens capsule and thecreation of a hole or opening in the lens capsule, which results, atleast in part, from a tearing action. A capsulotomy generally includesof a cutting of the lens capsule, without or with minimum tearing of thelens capsule. Thus, to remove the opacified natural lens material, thelens capsule is opened. There are several known techniques forperforming a capsulorhexis and a capsulotomy, including the use of aFugo plasma blade.

Recently laser systems and methods for treating of cataracts,presbyopia, performing capsulotomies, and for the sectioning and removalof natural crystalline lens material have been developed and introduced.Examples of such innovative and novel systems and methods are found incommonly assigned published patent applications US 2007/0173794, US2007/0173795, US 2007/0185475, US 2010/0004641, US 2010/0004643, US2010/0022994, US 2010/002995, US 2010/0042079, WO 2007/084627, and WO2007/084694, the entire disclosures of each of which are incorporatedherein by reference. Further examples of such innovative and novelsystems and methods are found in commonly assigned U.S. patentapplications Ser. Nos. 12/840,818, 12/831,859, 12/831,845, 12/831,783and 12/842,870, the entire disclosures of each of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

In the treatment of cataracts, presbyopia, conditions of the eye, andafflictions of the eye, and in particular, in using lasers for suchtreatments, the determination of the position (relative to otherstructures of the eye and/or relative to any treatment equipment, suchas a laser), and the shape of the structures of the eye is essential toallow the precise application of laser energy to effect the treatment.In general, greater accuracy and precision in making such determinationsis beneficial. Further, visual images of these structures for thetreating physician to observe can be beneficial and can enhance theoutcome of any procedures. Accordingly, as provided in detail in thisspecification, improvements in the illumination of structures of the eyeare provided herein, which improvements give rise to improveddetermination of the position and shape of structures within the eye, aswell as, enhanced images of those structures.

SUMMARY

It is desirable to have systems and methods that would provide enhancedimages of the structures of the eye and that would provide for theposition and shape of those structures. The present invention, amongother things, solves these needs by providing controlled light beamillumination of such structures. Thus, there is provided herein systemsand methods for the enhanced illumination of the structures of the eyeand for the capture of single composite images of those structureshaving optimal illumination for each structure.

It is further desirable that the image capture device be well calibratedto permit dimensionally accurate images of the structures of the eye.Such calibration is desirable to eliminate sources of image distortionsuch as the tilt between the angle of illumination beam and the imageplane of the image capture device used to form composite images of thestructures of the eye or optical aberrations in the image capturedevice. Such sources of image distortion are common in imagingapplications requiring a large depth of field, such as the presentapplication in imaging the structures of the eye.

Thus, there is provided a method for enhancing the illumination ofcomponents of a multi-component structure, the method including:selecting a first predetermined illumination light scan pattern, havinga predetermined rate and scan region; selecting a second predeterminedillumination light scan pattern, having a predetermined rate and scanregion; wherein, at least one of the second scan rate or area isdifferent from the first scan rate or scan region; directing anilluminating light beam in the first scan pattern toward a firstcomponent of the multi-component structure, whereby a first illuminatedimage is created; directing an illuminating light beam in the secondscan pattern toward a second component of the multi-component structure,whereby a second illumination image is created; digitally capturing thefirst illumination image on a first predetermined portion of an imagecapture device; digitally capturing the second illumination image on asecond predetermined portion of the image capture device, wherein thesecond portion is different than the first portion; thus a singlecomposite image of the illuminated components is created by the imagecapture device without need for registration of the first to the secondillumination image.

There is further provided the forgoing method in which at least one ofthe predetermined illumination light scan patterns is optimized for thecomponent to be scanned; the first component is the cornea of an eye;the first component is the natural crystalline lens of any eye; and/orthe second component is the natural crystalline lens of the eye.

There is further provided a method to calibrate the image capture deviceso that there exists a known relationship or mapping between each pointin the three dimensional volume of space containing the components ofinterest in the eye and the two dimensional image plane of the imagecapture device. The method includes a means to present one or morecalibration targets to the image capture device, before (or after) useof the image capture device to generate images of structures in the eye,such calibration targets together include a three dimensional array orseries of a plurality of uniquely identifiable objects with knownpositions in the volume of space in which the eye will be imaged. Themethod further includes means to capture one or more images of thecalibration target(s) with the image capture device and identify some orall of the uniquely identifiable objects in the captured image(s) and torecord the positions, within the captured image(s), of some or all ofthe uniquely identifiable objects. Further, the method includes a meansto determine a linear or non-linear mathematical relationship or mappingbetween the known positions of the uniquely identifiable objects in thecalibration target(s) and the recorded positions of the uniquelyidentifiable objects in the captured image(s). Still further, the methodincludes means to use the foregoing mapping to reduce or eliminatesources of image distortion in the image capture device or inherent inthe geometrical arrangement of the image capture device with respect tothe volume of space in which the object to be imaged, for example,structures within the eye or calibration target(s) and so be generate animage which is substantially dimensionally accurate. By dimensionallyaccurate is meant that the distances between entities, such as eyestructures or parts of eye structures, in the image captured by theimage capture device are substantially the same as correspondingdistances between the same entities in the actual object being imaged,except for a single overall scale factor.

Yet further, there is provided a system for providing enhancedillumination of the components of a multi-component structure, thesystem having: an illumination source for providing an illuminationbeam; a scanner optically associated with the illumination light sourcefor scanning the illumination beam; a control system, associated withthe light source and scanner; the control system including: a firstpredetermined illumination beam scan pattern, having a predeterminedrate and scan region; a second predetermined illumination scan pattern,having a predetermined rate and scan region; wherein, at least one ofthe second scan rate or region is different from the first scan rate orregion; means for digitally capturing a first image generated by thefirst illuminating beam scan pattern; means for digitally capturing asecond image generated by the second illuminating laser beam scanpattern; and, the means for digitally capturing the first image and themeans for capturing the second image being different portions of thesame means.

Additionally, there is provided a system for the enhanced illuminationof the structures of the eye, the system having: an illumination sourcefor providing an illumination beam; a scanner optically associated withthe illumination source for scanning the illumination beam; a controlsystem, associated with the illumination source and scanner; the controlsystem including: a first predetermined illumination scan pattern,having a predetermined rate and scan region; a second predeterminedillumination scan pattern, having a predetermined rate and scan region;wherein, at least one of the second scan rate or region is differentfrom the first scan rate or area; region for digitally capturing a firstimage generated by the first illuminating beam scan pattern; means fordigitally capturing a second image generated by the second illuminatingbeam scan pattern; and the means for digitally capturing the first imageand the means for capturing the second image being different portions ofthe same means.

Yet further there is provided a method for enhancing the illumination ofthe structures of the eye, the method including: scanning anillumination beam in a predetermined rate and scan region over an areaof a cornea of an eye; and, scanning the illumination beam at apredetermined rate and area over an area of a lens of the eye; whereinthe illumination of the cornea is different from the illumination of thelens. This method may further be such that the illumination of thecornea and the lens are respectively optimal.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, based on the teachingsset forth in these specifications and drawings, that there are variousembodiments and implementations of these teachings to practice thepresent invention. Accordingly, the embodiments in this summary are notmeant to limit these teachings in any way.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A to 1D are four different perspective illustrations of the samelaser scanning illumination of the structures of the eye of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a pupil of an eye.

FIGS. 3 to 5 are single composite images of the eye obtained by thepresent invention.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a therapeutic laser shot pattern that canbe directed toward the eye based upon the enhanced images obtained bythe present inventions.

FIG. 7A schematically shows a portion of a system for calibrating imagesof an object, such as an eye, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 7B schematically shows a second portion of the system of FIG. 7A inaccordance with the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In general, the present inventions relates to methods and systems forproviding enhanced laser scan illumination of the eye to provide forimproved images of the structures of the eye, and in particular, thecornea and the natural crystalline lens. The present invention furtherrelates to systems and methods utilizing the enhanced laser scanillumination for determining the shape and position of the cornea andthe lens and to provide enhanced images of those structures.

In general, the present invention uses a light beam and scanner toilluminate the structures of the eye. The light beam can be generated bya non-coherent light source or a laser source. Examples of laser beamand scanner systems that can be used for illumination are disclosed inUS 2007/0173794, US 2007/0173795, US 2007/0185475, US 2010/0004641, US2010/0004643, US 2010/0022994, US 2010/002995, US 2010/0042079, WO2007/084627, and WO 2007/084694. Further examples of such laser beam andscanner systems are found in commonly assigned U.S. patent applicationsSer. Nos. 12/840,818, 12/831,859, 12/831,845, 12/831,783 and 12/842,870.In the case of using a laser source, the illumination laser should be aneye safe laser. Thus, the illumination laser could be a laser that isdeferent from the therapeutic laser, or it could be the therapeuticlaser, but at a power level that is below the threshold where the lasercan affect the structures that are illuminated. In the case of using anon-coherent light source, the laser beam and scanner systems disclosedin the previously mentioned US 2007/0173794, US 2007/0173795, US2007/0185475, US 2010/0004641, US 2010/0004643, US 2010/0022994, US2010/002995, US 2010/0042079, WO 2007/084627, WO 2007/084694, U.S.patent applications Ser. Nos. 12/840,818, 12/831,859, 12/831,845,12/831,783 and 12/842,870 can be adapted to include such a non-coherentlight source for illumination instead of a laser source.

In conventional illumination techniques, which illuminate all of thestructures at once and capture an image of these illuminated structuresfor example with a digital camera; the images of the eye are over orunder exposed in different areas and on different structures. Thus, withthese conventional techniques it is believed that in general evenlyilluminated clear and sharp images of multiple structures of the eye, ina single image, are difficult to obtain, if not unobtainable. Instead,such conventional images have over exposed or underexposed areasresulting in bright and dark spots that detrimentally affect the clarityand sharpness of the overall image. These detrimental effects are inpart due to the different structures of the eye responding differentlyto the illumination light. Thus, illumination light that is best tocapture, for example, an image of the anterior surface of the lens, maynot be best to capture a peripheral edge of the cornea. However, in such“one illumination source fits” all type of techniques there no way, orat a minimum it is exceeding difficult, to tailor the illumination toall of the structures of the eye in a single image.

To solve these drawbacks of conventional illumination and image capturesystems, the present inventions scan an illumination beam of light onthe structures of the eye to be illuminated. The scan rate and scan areaare predetermined based upon the structure of the eye to be illuminated,the section of that structure to be illuminated, and the relativelocation and size of the pupil. As the illumination beam of light isscanned along a section of a particular structure of the eye to beilluminated, the illuminated images from that scan are captured bypredetermined pixels, or lines, on an image capture device, such as adigital camera. As additional structures in the eye are scanned, otherpredetermined pixels, or lines on the digital camera capture theirilluminated images. In this way, a composite image, based upon eachindividual scan of each individual structure, of the illuminatedstructures of the eye is built, with each structure having the optimalillumination. Thus, the present system provides the ability to havepredetermined and preselected multiple and varied illuminations ofcomponents parts, sub-structures, or structures of a multi-componentstructure, such as the human eye, and to create a single, clear andsharp image of all of those components in the multi-component structure.The images can be created real-time in a single procedure (serialcollection of a plurality of illumination scans) without the need forsubsequent or later digital alteration or digital enhancement of theimages, such as by using software sold under the trademark PHOTOSHOP.Thus, for example in the present system and method the size of the pupilis determined. The scanning of light on a particular area of the corneais performed. The scan preferably is from about 12-13 mm in length andat a rate that properly, and preferably optimally, illuminates thecornea based upon the setting of the camera. The illuminated images fromthis first scan would be for example captured by pixels at for examplelines X to X+250 of the camera. The scan of a particular area of theanterior surface of the lens of the eye would then be performed(preferably the areas are directly anterior to the area of the corneaand thus a cross-section of the structures is obtained). To avoidinterference from the pupil, this scan is from about 7 to 7.5 mm and ata rate that properly, and preferably optimally, illuminates the anteriorcapsule of the lens based upon the setting of the camera. Theilluminated images for this second scan would be for example captured bypixels at for example lines X+252 to X+300. In this way both the scannedimages of the cornea and the anterior capsule of the lens would becaptured in a single image, with each having different and optimalillumination. The steps of scanning, and capturing images on furtherlines of the camera would be continued until all of the desiredstructures of the eye have been captured in a single image. Further, itshould be understood, that the order of scans and the location ofcapture on the lines of the camera may vary for different applications.In addition, the light beam used in the scan can be generated by a laseror by a super luminescent diode (SLD). Use of an SLD is beneficial inthat it is a non-coherent source that avoids laser speckle whichdegrades the image quality.

Turning to FIGS. 1A to 1D, there are four views from differentperspectives of the images of scans of the illuminating light to createsingle composite images 100 of areas of the structures of the eye 120.Thus, in these figures there is shown a cornea 121 and a naturalcrystalline lens 122, which has an anterior capsule 123 and a posteriorcapsule 124. There is also shown an image window 125, which may be ofthe illumination system, such as a part of a patient interface. In thesefigures there are shown ray lines 130 signifying the scannedillumination light beam used to illuminate the structures of the eye. Ascan be seen from the image position 100, these figures show differentperspective views of the same scans, image, and eye structures, but fromdifferent views (e.g., 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock if one were to use theface of a clock as a reference).

FIG. 2 shows a section of an eye 200, with a computer generated line 201positioned concentrically with the edge of the pupil. This line 201 canbe used to determine the diameter of the dilated pupil, which diametermay then be used to determine and optimize the length of a particularillumination scan of structures that are positioned posterior to thepupil.

FIG. 3 provides a single image 310 of the structures of the eye that wastaken using scanned light illumination, which each scan having adifferent scan rate and scan area, which rates and areas werepredetermined to optimize the images obtained. Thus, there is shown thecornea 300, the lens 301, and the lens anterior capful 302 and posteriorcapsule 303. Turning to FIG. 4 there is shown the same image 310 of FIG.3 to which position and shape determination lines have been added viacomputer. Thus, line 401 follows the anterior surface of the cornea andhas a plurality of points, of which points 401 a, 401 b and 401 c arenumbered for purposes of illustration and simplification of the drawing.Line 402 follows the posterior surface of the cornea and has a pluralityof points, of which points 402 a, 402 b and 402 c are numbered forpurposes of illustration and simplification of the drawing. Line 403follows the anterior lens capsule and has a plurality of points, ofwhich points 403 a, 403 b and 403 c are numbered for purposes ofillustration and simplification of the drawing. Line 404 follows theposterior lens capsule and has a plurality of points, of which points404 a, 404 b and 404 c are numbered for purposes of illustration andsimplification of the drawing. These various computer generated pointsand lines, which are generated based upon the enhanced image obtainedfrom the light scan illumination, are used to determine the position andshape of the lens and cornea. This position and shape information canthen be used to determine a shot pattern for the therapeutic laser suchas the shot patterns shown in FIG. 6.

The scanned illumination techniques have the ability to obtain clear andsharp images of the peripheral edges of the cornea, i.e., the outersection of the cornea that is still clear but which is adjacent thesclera. Obtain clear images of this portion of the cornea, as well asobtaining precise position and shape of this section of the cornea isbeneficial, for example during cataract surgery. It is this section ofthe eye that the incision is made to provide access to the lens. Becausethis area of the cornea is clear it is difficult for conventiontechnology, such as OCT, to obtain the clarity and sharpness of imagesnecessary to precisely determine the position and shape of this area. Inaddition, the scanned illumination techniques enhance details in theanterior and posterior capsules and enables imaging of posterior capsulethrough dense cataracts.

In order to correct for images generated in the systems and methodsdescribed previously with respect to FIGS. 1-6, a calibration procedurecan be employed. As shown in FIGS. 7A-B, the calibration system 100includes an image capture device 102, such as a camera, that includingan image forming lens 104 and a planar detector 106 that has its planeangled relative to the optic axis A of the lens 104. An image receivingaperture 108 is aimed at an object volume 110, which contains the objectof which the image capture device 102 forms an image. Such anarrangement, with an appropriately selected angle between the optic axisA of the lens 104 and the plane of the detector 106, allows the imagecapture device 102 to form an image with a large depth of focus in the zdirection, which is aligned with the optic axis of the crystalline lensof an eye 120 as shown in FIG. 7B.

Referring to FIG. 7A, to calibrate the system, one or more targets,containing uniquely identifiable objects, such as squares 1, 2, . . . ,are presented to the image capture device 102, usually sequentially. Thetargets are carefully made and are placed in exactly known positions.One example of such uniquely identifiable objects is ARTags as describedin “Augmented Reality Tags”, Augmented Reality: A Practical Guide,Stephen Cawood and Mark Fiala.

One or more images are generated for each target. The images formed atplanar detector 106 are sent to processor 112, wherein processor 112analyzes each image and identifies some or all of the uniquelyidentifiable objects in the image and records the positions of theuniquely identifiable objects in a memory 114. The recorded positionsare then sent to processor 116, which generates a linear or non-linearmathematical relationship or mapping between the positions of theuniquely identifiable objects in the images of the targets and theaccurately known positions of the uniquely identifiable objects withinthe object volume. An example of such a mapping is the TSAI algorithm.R. Y. Tsai, An Efficient and Accurate Camera Calibration Technique for3D Machine Vision, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision andPattern Recognition, Miami Beach, Fla., pp. 364-374, 1986.

The mapping is stored in memory 118 and is used to correct raw imagesgenerated by the image capture device to create dimensionally accurateimages of the objects within the object volume. The use of uniquelyidentifiable objects greatly simplifies the process of generating themathematical mapping required to create dimensionally accurate images.

The mapping determined above is used to process raw images of thestructures within the eye, for example, surfaces and other features ofthe cornea and crystalline lens; c.f. FIG. 7B. As shown in FIG. 7B, theimage capture device 102 forms raw images of the structures within theeye 120, which are situated in the object volume 122 and which areilluminated by a plane of light B which illuminates a longitudinalsection of the eye 120. In FIG. 7B, the longitudinal section isperpendicular to the plane of the page. The raw images of theilluminated longitudinal section are subject to various sources ofdistortion including: the viewing angle between the optic axis of imagecapture device lens and the z axis, angle of the detector plane to theoptic axis of the lens and optical aberrations in the image capturedevice lens. Accordingly, the raw images of the object volume 122 arestored in memory 124 and sent to processor 126. Using the calibratedmathematical mapping from memory 118, the processor 126 processes theraw images received from memory 124 to form substantially dimensionallyaccurate images of the eye that are stored in memory 128.

In other words, distances between structures or parts of structuresmeasured on the processed images correspond, except for an overall scalefactor to the corresponding distances in the illuminated longitudinalsection of the eye.

The dimensionally accurate images allow the application of laser energyused in the treatment of cataracts to be accurately applied to specificareas within the eye, for example to cut a capsulotomy or to fragmentthe crystalline lens into pieces for easier removal in a cataractprocedure.

With the above mentioned discussion of improved illumination andcalibration, it is envisioned that such techniques could be applied tovarious imaging and beam placement systems. One example of such a systemis presented herewith. For example, it is envisioned to apply theimproved illumination and calibration to a system that uses a confocalsystem where the imaging and beam delivery systems are coaxial and sharea common focus and optical pathway. Such a system would have nosystematic errors between the imaging of the eye and the delivery oflaser shots, such as femtosecond pulses. The imaging system could bebased on the Scheimpflug principle so that a single image from theanterior cornea to the posterior capsule is captured resulting inenhanced depth of field. The scanning laser being such that it enhancescontrast at important interfaces and, thus allows for anterior andposterior capsule-fragments to be closer to the posterior place due tothe more accurate beam placement due to the present invention. Ascanning beam camera and optics would be used to provide a high contrastto noise ratio. Such an imaging system would use three-dimensionalreconstruction from ray tracing and so avoids two-dimensional stitchingof multiple scans.

From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can readilyascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changesand/or modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages andconditions.

What is claimed:
 1. A system for the controlled illumination and singleimage creation of multiple structural components of the eye, the systemcomprising: an illumination light source capable of providing a firstillumination light beam defining a first illumination light ray line,and a second illumination light beam defining a second illuminationlight ray line; the first illumination light ray line corresponding to afirst area of the eye; the second illumination light ray linecorresponding to a second area of the eye, wherein the first and secondareas are different; wherein the first illumination light ray defines afirst illumination beam having illumination properties that are optimalfor illuminating the first area of the eye, wherein the secondillumination light ray defines a second illumination beam havingillumination properties that are optimal for illuminating the secondarea of the eye, and wherein the first illumination beam illuminationproperties are different from the second illumination beam illuminationproperties; an image capture system having a first image capture areacorresponding to the first illumination light ray line and capable ofcapturing an image of the first area of the eye, and a second imagecapture area corresponding to the second illumination light ray line andcapable of capturing an image of the second area of the eye; wherein theimage capture system is capable of combining the image of the first areaand the image of the second area to provide a single composite image ofthe eye without registration of the image of the first area and theimage of the second area.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the lightsource comprises a super luminescent diode.
 3. The system of claim 1,wherein the first light beam comprises a coherent light beam.
 4. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a non-coherentlight source; whereby laser speckle is avoided in the composite image.5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first area of the eye correspondsto a first structure of the eye, and the second area of the eyecorresponds to a second structure of the eye, whereby the first andsecond structures are different.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein thefirst structure of the eye is the cornea.
 7. The system of claim 6,wherein the second structure of the eye is anterior lens capsule.
 8. Thesystem of claim 1, comprising a calibration system.
 9. The systems ofclaims 1, 2, 7 and 8, wherein the light source and the image capturesystem define a Scheimpflug configuration.
 10. The system of claim 6,wherein the second structure is the posterior lens capsule.
 11. A methodof creating a single composite image of multiple structural componentsof the eye, the method comprising: providing a first illumination lightbeam defining a first illumination light ray line, and a secondillumination light beam defining a second illumination light ray line;directing the first illumination light beam along the first ray line toa first area of the eye, whereby the first area is illuminated;directing the second illumination light beam along the second ray lineto a second area of the eye, whereby the second area is illuminated;capturing an image of the illuminated first area of the eye to provideda first image, and capturing an image of the illuminated second area ofthe eye to provided a second image, whereby the first and second imagesare not the same; and, processing the images to provide a singlecomposite image of the eye without registration of the image of thefirst area and the image of the second area.
 12. The method of claim 11,wherein the first, the second, or both illumination light beams are acoherent light beam.
 13. The method of 11, wherein the first, the secondor both illumination light beams are a non-coherent light beam; wherebylaser speckle is avoided in the composite image.
 14. The method of claim11, wherein the first area of the eye corresponds to a first structureof the eye, and the second area of the eye corresponds to a secondstructure of the eye, whereby the first and second structures are notthe same, and are selected from the group of structures consisting ofthe cornea, the lens, the anterior lens capsule, and the posterior lenscapsule.
 15. The method of claim 11, whereby the first, the second orboth captured images are calibrated.